One of the most crucial components of perception is being able to group and organize stimuli into similar patterns based on colors, shapes, contrast and movement. One of the ways the brain can do this is through the organizational rule of closure, which allows figures to be perceived from lines and shapes that may not completely be present -- basically, the brain will fill in the gaps. In this example of a panda bear, the back and the top and side of the bear's head are missing, but understanding that the image is portraying this animal is simple for the brain.
In another, less obvious example, the brain perceives a white triangle, overlapping three black circles and another white triangle with a black outline. However, the "lines" of the white triangle on top are not really present, but are only created by the absence of the black lines and pieces of the circles that are apparently missing. The brain fills in these gaps and perceives the entirely white triangle.
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